Vote Buying in Samoa: Balancing Custom, Law, and Democracy

Apia, Samoa. As Samoa awaits the results of the 2025 snap general election, questions continue to arise about the role of money, gifts, and cultural obligations in the nation’s democratic process.

Under Samoa’s Electoral Act 2019, bribery and treating are prohibited. This includes offering money, food, goods, or services in exchange for a vote. Convictions can lead to disqualification from Parliament and even imprisonment. Despite these safeguards, concerns about vote buying have been raised during previous elections.

Tradition and Politics Intertwined

In Samoan society, fa’aaloalo, the tradition of showing respect through gift-giving, is deeply woven into village life. During election campaigns, however, this cultural practice can overlap with politics. Candidates may contribute to village events, church functions, or family fa’alavelave (customary obligations), creating debate over where cultural duty ends and electoral influence begins.

Observers in past elections have noted that such practices may give an advantage to wealthier candidates. Critics argue that this undermines the principle of fairness, while others see it as part of Samoa’s communal fabric.

Legal Framework and Past Cases

Samoa’s courts have dealt with allegations of electoral bribery in previous contests. Successful petitions have at times, overturned results where treating or bribery was proven.

The Office of the Electoral Commission (OEC) continues to invest in voter education, emphasising that cultural respect should not come at the cost of free choice.

Enforcement remains a challenge. Cases often rely on community members willing to testify, which is not always easy in Samoa’s close-knit villages.

Why It Matters in 2025

This election has already been marked by party splits and unpredictability. With more than 100,000 voters on the roll, the integrity of the process will shape not only who governs Samoa, but also public confidence in the system.

As counting begins, both local and international observers are monitoring the process. Protecting the principle that votes are cast freely, without undue pressure or obligation, is central to strengthening Samoa’s democracy.

Editor’s Note

This article does not allege bribery by any specific candidate or party in the 2025 election. It is intended to provide context on the broader issue of vote buying in Samoan elections, its cultural dimensions, and its legal consequences.

References

• Electoral Act 2019 (Samoa) - provisions on bribery and treating.

• RNZ Pacific (2021), “Court upholds election petitions in Samoa, disqualifying MPs over bribery and treating.”

• Pacific Islands Forum Election Observer Reports - commentary on electoral practices and fairness.

• Samoa Observer (archival reporting on election petitions and cultural obligations in politics).

• Devpolicy Blog, ANU - “Electoral politics in Samoa: tradition, law, and reform.”